Composite Sophora Colon-Soluble Capsule Ameliorates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via Gut Microbiota-Derived Butyric Acid and NCR+ ILC3 / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of composite Sophora colon-soluble Capsule (CSCC) on gut microbiota-mediated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and downstream group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model.@*METHODS@#The main components of CSCC were analyzed by hybrid ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography ion mobility spectromety quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-IM-QTOF/MS). Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6) by using a computer algorithm-generated random digital, including control, DSS model, mesalazine, and CSCC groups. A DSS-induced colitis mice model was established to determine the effects of CSCC by recording colonic weight, colonic length, index of colonic weight, and histological colonic score. The variations in ILC3s were assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The results of gut microbiota and SCFAs were acquired by 16s rDNA and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The expression levels of NCR+ ILC3-, CCR6+ Nkp46- (Lti) ILC3-, and ILCreg-specific markers were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The main components of CSCC were matrine, ammothamnine, Sophora flavescens neoalcohol J, and Sophora oxytol U. After 7 days of treatment, CSCC significantly alleviated colitis by promoting the reproduction of intestinal probiotics manifested as upregulation of the abundance of Bacteroidetes species and specifically the Bacteroidales_S24-7 genus (P<0.05). Among the SCFAs, the content of butyric acid increased the most after CSCC treatment. Meanwhile, compared with the model group, Lti ILC3s and its biomarkers were significantly downregulated and NCR+ ILC3s were significantly elevated in the CSCC group (P<0.01). Further experiments revealed that ILC3s were differentiated from Lti ILC3s to NCR+ ILC3s, resulting in interleukin-22 production which regulates gut epithelial barrier function.@*CONCLUSION@#CSCC may exert a therapeutic effect on UC by improving the gut microbiota, promoting metabolite butyric acid production, and managing the ratio between NCR+ ILC3s and Lti ILC3s.

Obesity and helicobacter pylori infection in adults with non specific colitis / Obesidade e infecção por Helicobacter pylori em adultos com colite inespecífica

ABSTRACT Background Non specific colitis is defined as inflammatory condition of the colon that when examined microscopically lacks any characteristic features of any specific form of colitis and is commonly seen in reports of colonoscopy biopsies. There are many factors that cause it like obesity and H pylori. Aim of the study To determine the association of obesity and H pylori as contributory factors to this disease. Patients and methods This is a case-controlled study was carried out in Al-Kindy College of Medicine from January 2017 to June 2018. Sixty individuals were included; forty of them had non specific colitis. The rest were healthy control group. Demographic information's were taken like age and sex. Anthropometric measurement like weight in kilograms (kg), height in meters (m), waist circumference in centimeters (cm), and body mass index was done. H pylori IgG was done to both groups. Results Study results indicated that this disease was more common with increasing age, there is a significant difference (p = 0.002) between patients (48.12 ± 1.50) and control group (41.00 ± 1.10) regarding age. BMI of the patients is significantly higher in patients group (29.21 ± 0.41; p = 0.000) than the control (22.23 ± 0.41). Patients with non specific colitis showed significant (p = 0.000) increased in H pylori infection 33 (82.5%) compared with control group 2 (10%). Conclusions Obesity and infection withH pylori may predispose to non specific colitis.

RESUMO Introdução Colite inespecífica é uma condição inflamatória do cólon que microscopicamente não apresenta características de qualquer forma específica de colite; é comumente observada em relatórios patológicos de biópsias de colonoscopia. Vários fatores podem causar colite inespecífica, dentre os quais obesidade e infecção por H. pylori. Objetivo do estudo Determinar o possível papel da obesidade e H. pylori como fatores contribuintes para esta doença. Pacientes e Métodos Este foi um estudo caso-controle, realizado na Al-Kindy College of Medicine entre janeiro de 2017 e junho de 2018. Um total de 60 indivíduos foram incluídos, 40 dos quais apresentavam colite inespecífica. Os demais foram incluídos no grupo de controles saudáveis. Foram coletadas informações demográficas, como idade e sexo. Medidas antropométricas, como peso (kg), altura (m), circunferência da cintura (cm) e índice de massa corporal, também foram coletadas. Nos dois grupos, foi feita serologia para H. pylori (IgG) Resultados Os presentes resultados indicaram que esta doença era mais comum entre pacientes de idade mais avançada; observou-se uma diferença significativa p = 0,002 entre os pacientes 48,12 ± 1,50 e o grupo controle 41,00 ± 1,10 quanto à idade. O IMC foi significativamente maior no grupo de pacientes 29,21 ± 0,41; p = 0,000 do que no grupo controle 22,23 ± 0,41. A infecção por H. pylori foi significamente mais frequentemente observada no grupo de pacientes (33; 82,5%) em comparação ao grupo controle (2; 10%; p = 0,000. Conclusões A obesidade e a infecção por H. pylori podem predispor à colite inespecífica.

Therapeutic effects of vitamin D on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

Abstract Purpose To analyze the effect of calcitriol treatment on acute colitis in an experimental rat model. Methods A total of 24 adult Sprague Dawley albino rats were randomly separated into 3 equal groups: control group (n:8), colitis group (n:8), calcitriol administered group (n:8). A single dose of acetic acid (1 ml of 4% solution) was administered intrarectally to induce colitis. Group 1 was given 1 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl intraperitoneally; rats belonging to Group 2 were administered calcitriol 1 µg/kg for 5 days. Results Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha, Pentraxin 3, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the calcitriol administered colitis group than in the standard colitis group (p<0.01). In the Calcitriol group, there was a significant histological improvement in hyperemia, hemorrhage and necrotic areas in the epithelium compared to the placebo group (p <0.000). Conclusion The findings suggest that calcitriol may be an agent that could be used in acute colitis treatment.

Non-specific colitis among patients with colitis: frequency and relation to inflammatory bowel disease, a prospective study / Colite inespecífica entre pacientes com colite: estudo prospectivo sobre sua frequência e relação com doença inflamatória intestinal

Abstract Background and study aim: The term non-specific colitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the colon that microscopically lacks the characteristic features of any specific form of colitis and is commonly seen in pathology reports of colonoscopy biopsies. In fact, it has been questioned whether it is a separate pathological entity or it is merely an intermediate stage in the course of inflammatory bowel disease. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of non-specific colitis among patients with colitis and characterize its natural history over a 6 months year period. Patients and methods: Eighty adult patients presented for colonoscopy were enrolled. In the final analysis they were divided into Group A; the non-specific colitis Group and Group B; the inflammatory bowel disease Group. All patients were subjected to: full history taking, full clinical examination, laboratory investigations: which included stool analysis, CRP, ESR, complete colonoscopy and entire random colon biopsies for histopathological examination. Results: Group A included 67 patients (83.75%) while Group B included 13 (16.25%) patients. Patients with IBD had clinical and laboratory features of inflammation significantly higher than patients with non-specific colitis. Six patients (8.95%) of non-specific colitis group developed histologic features of florid inflammatory bowel disease after 6 months. There were no independent predictors of this conversion. Conclusion: Among our 80 patients with colonoscopy and biopsy 67 (83.75%) were diagnosed as non-specific colitis and out of them 6 patients (8.95%) were reexamined after 6 months and proved to have inflammtory bowel disese this change was not linked to predictive factors.

Resumo Introdução e objetivos: O termo colite inespecífica (CI) refere-se a uma condição inflamatória do cólon que microscopicamente não apresenta características de qualquer forma específica de colite; é comumente observada em relatórios patológicos de biópsias de colonoscopia. De fato, tem-se questionado se esta seria uma entidade patológica separada ou apenas um estágio intermediário no curso da DII. Este estudo foi realizado para estimar a prevalência de CI entre pacientes com colite e caracterizar seu curso durante um período de seis meses. Pacientes e métodos: O estudo incluiu 80 pacientes adultos que se apresentaram para colonoscopia. Na análise, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo A (CI) e grupo B (DII) Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a anamnese completa, exame clínico completo e investigações laboratoriais que incluíram análise de fezes, PCR, VHS, colonoscopia completa e biópsias aleatórias de cólon para exame histopatológico. Resultados: Do total de pacientes, 67 foram alocados no grupo A (83,75%) e 13 (16,25%) no grupo B. Os pacientes com DII apresentavam sinais clínicos e laboratoriais de inflamação significativamente maiores do que o observado em pacientes com CI. Seis pacientes (8,95%) do grupo CI desenvolveram características histológicas de DII florida após seis meses. Não foram identificados preditores independentes para essa conversão. Conclusão: Entre os 80 pacientes submetidos a colonoscopia e biópsia, o diagnóstico de CI foi feito em 67 (83,75%); destes, seis pacientes (8,95%) foram reexaminados após seis meses e apresentaram DII, sendo que essa conversão não foi associada a fatores preditivos.

Effects of anti-TNF-α in experimental diversion colitis

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of infliximab on the inflammation of the colonic mucosa devoid from fecal stream. Methods: Twenty-four rats were submitted to a Hartmann's procedure. They remained for 12 weeks with the fecal derivation to development of diversion colitis on excluded colorectal stump. After this period, they were divided into 3 groups: one group received intervention with saline (2.0 mL / week), other group infliximab at doses of 5 mg/kg/week and the other 10 mg/kg/week for five consecutively weeks. Concluded the intervention period, the animals were euthanized to remove colon segments with and without fecal stream. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and the degree of inflammation by validated score. The neutrophilic infiltrate was evaluated by tissue expression of myeloperoxidase identified by immunohistochemical. The tissue content of myeloperoxidase was measured by computer-assisted image analysis. Results: The inflammatory score was high in colonic segments without fecal stream. The intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammatory score in excluded colonic segments. The content of myeloperoxidase was reduced in colonic segments of animals treated with infliximab mainly in high concentrations. Conclusion: Intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammation and the neutrophil infiltrate in colonic segments devoid of the fecal stream.

Enemas with mesalazine increase the tissue contents of mucins in the colonic mucosa devoid of fecal stream

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the inflammatory reaction and measure the content of mucins, in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream submit to intervention with mesalazine. Methods: Twenty-four rats were submitted to a left colostomy and a distal mucous fistula and divided into two groups according to euthanasia to be performed two or four weeks. Each group was divided into two subgroups according daily application of enemas containing saline or mesalazine at 1.0 g/kg/day. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and the inflammatory reaction by validated score. Acidic mucins and neutral mucins were determined with the alcian-blue and periodic acid of Schiff techniques, respectively. Sulfomucin and sialomucin were identified by high iron diamine-alcian blue technique. The tissue contents of mucins were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the results establishing the level of significance of 5%. Results: Enemas with mesalazine in colonic segments without fecal stream decreased the inflammation score and increased the tissue content of all subtypes of mucins. The increase of tissue content of neutral, acid and sulfomucin was related to the time of intervention. Conclusion: Mesalazine enemas reduce the inflammatory process and preserve the content of mucins in colonic mucosa devoid of fecal stream.

Tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in colon mucosa without intestinal transit subjected to intervention with Curcuma longa (curcumin)

Abstract Purpose: To measure the tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content of the colon mucosa without fecal flow, subjected to intervention with curcumin, and the influence of the concentration used and the intervention time. Methods: Thirty-six rats were subjected to proximal right colostomy and distal mucous fistula. They were divided into two groups according to whether sacrifice was performed two or four weeks after the intervention. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the enema applied daily: saline alone; curcumin at 50 mg/kg/day or curcumin at 200 mg/kg/day. Acid mucins were diagnosed using the Alcian blue technique. The mucin content was quantified by means of computer-assisted image analysis. The significance level of 5% was used throughout (p < 0.05). Results: There were dose-related increases in the quantities of sulfomucins in the animals subjected to interventions with curcumin, both after two weeks (p < 0.00001) and after four weeks (p < 0.00001). There were increases in sialomucin quantity that were concentration-related (p < 0.00001) and time-related (p < 0.00001). Conclusion: Curcumin enemas increase the quantity of acid mucins in the intestinal flow in the excluded colon, with dose and time dependency.

L-carnitine has a protective effect on the colonic mucosa during abdominopelvic radiotherapy in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologically the radioprotective effect of L-carnitine on the colonic mucosa in rats undergoing abdominopelvic irradiation. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: intraperitoneal administration of normal saline (group 1) or L-carnitine (300 mL/kg; group 2), followed in groups 3 and 4, respectively, by one dose of abdominopelvic radiation (20 Gy) 30 min later. Rats were sacrificed 5 days after radiation, and their descending colons were resected for histopathological evaluation of the presence and severity of damage. RESULTS: Average damage scores did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 2 (0.13 ± 0.35 and 0.25 ± 0.46, respectively); the group 3 score was highest (10.25 ± 0.71), and the group 4 score (3.63 ± 1.41) was significantly lower than that of group 3 (both p = 0.0001). Pre-radiation L-carnitine administration significantly reduced mucosal thinning, crypt distortion, reactive atypia, inflammation, cryptitis, and reactive lymph-node hyperplasia (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine had a radioprotective effect on rat colonic mucosa. L-carnitine use should be explored for patients with gastrointestinal cancer, who have reduced serum L-carnitine levels.

Promoting inflammatory lymphangiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) aggravated intestinal inflammation in mice with experimental acute colitis

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, it is not understood if inflammatory lymphangiogenesis is a pathological consequence or a productive attempt to resolve the inflammation. This study investigated the effect of lymphangiogenesis on intestinal inflammation by overexpressing a lymphangiogenesis factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), in a mouse model of acute colitis. Forty eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were treated with recombinant adenovirus overexpressing VEGF-C or with recombinant VEGF-C156S protein. Acute colitis was then established by exposing the mice to 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days. Mice were evaluated for disease activity index (DAI), colonic inflammatory changes, colon edema, microvessel density, lymphatic vessel density (LVD), and VEGFR-3mRNA expression in colon tissue. When acute colitis was induced in mice overexpressing VEGF-C, there was a significant increase in colonic epithelial damage, inflammatory edema, microvessel density, and neutrophil infiltration compared to control mice. These mice also exhibited increased lymphatic vessel density (73.0±3.9 vs 38.2±1.9, P<0.001) and lymphatic vessel size (1974.6±104.3 vs 1639.0±91.5, P<0.001) compared to control mice. Additionally, the expression of VEGFR-3 mRNA was significantly upregulated in VEGF-C156S mice compared to DSS-treated mice after induction of colitis (42.0±1.4 vs 3.5±0.4, P<0.001). Stimulation of lymphangiogenesis by VEGF-C during acute colitis promoted inflammatory lymphangiogenesis in the colon and aggravated intestinal inflammation. Inflammatory lymphangiogenesis may have pleiotropic effects at different stages of IBD.

Heart Rate Variability Correlates to Functional Aerobic Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients / Variabilidade RR ao Esforço Correlaciona-se com Déficit Funcional Aeróbico em Pacientes em Hemodiálise

Background: Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is highly prevalent in hemodialysis (HD) patients and has been implicated in their increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Objective: To correlate heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise treadmill test (ETT) with the values obtained when measuring functional aerobic impairment (FAI) in HD patients and controls. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving HD patients and a control group. Clinical examination, blood sampling, transthoracic echocardiogram, 24-hour Holter, and ETT were performed. A symptom-limited ramp treadmill protocol with active recovery was employed. Heart rate variability was evaluated in time domain at exercise and recovery periods. Results: Forty-one HD patients and 41 controls concluded the study. HD patients had higher FAI and lower HRV than controls (p<0.001 for both). A correlation was found between exercise HRV (SDNN) and FAI in both groups. This association was independent of age, sex, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, and clonidine or beta-blocker use, but not of hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: No association was found between FAI and HRV on 24-hour Holter or at the recovery period of ETT. Of note, exercise HRV was inversely correlated with FAI in HD patients and controls. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015; [online]. ahead print, PP.0-0) .

Fundamento: A disfunção autonômica (DA) é altamente prevalente em pacientes em hemodiálise (HD) e tem sido implicada no risco aumentado de mortalidade cardiovascular. Objetivo: Correlacionar a variabilidade RR (VRR) durante o teste ergométrico (TE) com o déficit funcional aeróbico (FAI) em pacientes em HD e em um grupo controle. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal no qual as variáveis analisadas foram obtidas através de exame clínico, coleta de sangue, ecocardiograma transtorácico, Holter de 24 horas e TE. Foi realizado TE em esteira pelo protocolo de rampa, limitado por sintomas, com recuperação ativa. A VRR foi avaliada no domínio do tempo no exercício e na recuperação separadamente. Resultados: Quarenta e um pacientes em HD e 41 controles concluíram o estudo. Pacientes em HD tinham maior FAI e menor VRR do que os controles (p <0,001 para ambos). Houve correlação entre FAI e VRR no exercício (SDNN) em ambos os grupos. Esta associação foi independente de idade, sexo, tabagismo, índice de massa corporal, diabetes, clonidina, betabloqueador, mas não dos níveis de hemoglobina. Conclusão: A VRR no exercício foi inversamente correlacionada com o FAI em pacientes em HD e controles. Não foram observadas associações do FAI com VRR no Holter ou no período de recuperação do TE. .

Tissue content of sulfomucins and sialomucins in the colonic mucosa, without fecal stream, undergoing daily intervention with sucralfate

PURPOSE: To measure the content of acidic mucin, sialomucin, and sulfomucins in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream submit to intervention with sucralfate (SCF). METHODS: Thirty-six rats were submitted to a right colostomy and a distal mucous fistula and divided into two groups according to sacrifice to be performed two or four weeks. Each group was divided into three subgroups according daily application of enemas containing saline, SCF at 1.0 g/kg/day or 2.0 g/kg/day. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis. Acid mucins were determined with the Alcian-Blue and sulfomucin and sialomucin by high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) techniques. The mucins were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the results establishing the level of significance of 5% for both (p<0.05). RESULTS: SCF enemas decreased the inflammation score and was related to the concentration used and time of the intervention. SCF at both concentrations increased the content of acid mucin, which was related to the concentration used and to the improvement in the inflammatory score. There was an increase in the content of sulfomucins and sialomucins in SCF groups. SCF increased sulfomucins from 2 weeks of intervention, which was not related to the dose or time of application. The increase in sialomucin content was related to the time and dose used in the intervention. CONCLUSION: Sucralfate increased the content of acidic mucins, primarily at the expense of sialomucin, which was affected by the dose and time of intervention. .

Evaluation of the application of enemas containing sucralfate in tissue content of neutral and acid mucins in experimental model of diversion colitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of sucralfate on tissue content of neutral and acids mucins in rats with diversion colitis. METHODS: Thirty-six rats were submitted to a proximal right colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. They were divided into two groups according to sacrifice to be performed two or four weeks after intervention. Each group was divided into three subgroups according daily application of enemas containing saline, sucralfate at 1.0 g/kg/day or 2.0 g/kg/day. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and neutral and acid mucins by Periodic Acid Schiff and Alcian Blue techniques, respectively. The contents of mucins were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Student's t paired and ANOVA test were used to compare the contents of both types of mucins among groups, and to verify the variance with time, establishing level of signification of 5% for both (p<0.05). RESULTS: Enemas containing sucralfate improves the inflammation and increases the tissue contents of neutral and acid mucins. The content of neutral mucins does not change with the time or concentration of sucralfate used, while acid mucins increases with concentration and time of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Sucralfate enemas improve the inflammatory process and increase the tissue content of neutral and acid mucins in colon without fecal stream. .

COMPARISON OF SELECTIVE AND NON SELECTIVE CYCLO-OXYGENASE 2 INHIBITORS IN EXPERIMENTAL COLITIS EXACERBATION: role of leukotriene B4 and superoxide dismutase / Comparação dos inibidores seletivos e não seletivos da ciclo-oxigenage 2 na exacerbação da colite experimental: papel do leucotrieno B4 e superóxido dismutase

Context Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are considered one of the most important causes of reactivation of inflammatory bowel disease. With regard to selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors, the results are controversial in experimental colitis as well as in human studies. Objectives The aim this study is to compare nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs effects, selective and non selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors, in experimental colitis and contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs provoke colitis exacerbation. Methods Six groups of rats: without colitis, with colitis, and colitis treated with celecoxib, ketoprofen, indometacin or diclofenac. Survival rates, hemoglobin, plasmatic albumin, colonic tissue of interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, prostaglandin E2, catalase, superoxide dismutase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, chemiluminescence induced by tert-butil hydroperoxides, and tissue and plasmatic leukotriene B4 were determined. Results The groups treated with diclofenac or indometacin presented lower survival rates, hemoglobin and albumin, higher tissue and plasmatic leukotriene B4 and tissue superoxide dismutase than the group treated with celecoxib. Ketoprofen presented an intermediary behavior between diclofenac/indometacin and celecoxib, concerning to survival rate and albumin. The groups without colitis, with colitis and with colitis treated with celecoxib showed leukotriene B4 and superoxide dismutase lower levels than the groups treated with nonselective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors. Conclusions Diclofenac and indometacin presented the highest degree of induced colitis exacerbation with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, celecoxib did not show colitis exacerbation, and ketoprofen presented an intermediary behavior between diclofenac/indometacin and celecoxib. These results suggest that leukotriene B4 and superoxide ...

Contexto Os anti-inflamatórios não-esteróides são considerados uma das mais importantes causas de reativação da doença inflamatória intestinal. Em relação aos inibidores seletivos da ciclo-oxigenase 2, os resultados são controversos tanto em estudos envolvendo humanos como na colite experimental. Objetivos Comparar os efeitos dos anti-inflamatórios não-esteróides, seletivos e não seletivos da ciclo-oxigenase 2, na colite experimental e, contribuir para o entendimento do mecanismo no qual os anti-inflamatórios não-esteróides provocam a exacerbação da colite. Métodos Seis grupos de ratos foram estudados: sem colite, com colite e com colite e tratados com celecoxib, cetoprofeno, indometacina ou diclofenaco. Foram determinadas a taxa de sobrevida, as concentrações de hemoglobina e albumina plasmática, as concentrações teciduais na mucosa colônica de interleucina-1ß, interleucina-6, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, prostaglandina E2, catalase, superóxido dismutase, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico e quimiluminescência estimulada por hidroperóxido de tert-butil, e as concentraçãos plasmática e tecidual de leucotrieno B4. Resultados O grupo tratado com diclofenaco ou indometacina apresentaram as menores taxas de sobrevida, concentrações de hemoglobina e albumina, e as maiores concentrações plasmática e tecidual de leucotrieno B4 e tecidual de superóxido dismutase do que os groupos tratados com celecoxib. O grupo tratado com cetoprofeno apresentou um comportamento intermediário entre diclofenaco/indometacina e celecoxib, em relação a taxa de sobrevida e albumina. Os grupos sem colite, colite e colite tratado com celecoxib apresentaram menores concentrações de leucotrieno B4 e superóxido ...

Healing effects of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa fruit extract on experimental colitis.

Graded doses of 50% ethanolic extract of dried fruit pulp of Aegle marmelos (AME) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) daily for 14 days in acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats showed 200 mg/kg of AME as an optimal effective dose against AA-induced colonic damage score and weight. This dose (200 mg/kg; po) was further studied in AA-induced colitis for its effects on various physical (mucous/blood in stool, food and water intake and body weight changes), histology, antibacterial activity and biochemical parameters like free radicals (nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) and myeloperoxidase (acute-inflammatory marker) activities in rat colonic tissue. AME decreased colonic mucosal damage and inflammation (macroscopic and microscopic), mucous/bloody diarrhea, fecal frequency and increased body weight affected in AA-induced colitis. AME showed significant antibacterial activity and enhanced the antioxidants but decreased free radicals and myeloperoxidase activities thereby decreasing tissue damage and inflammation and thus, affording ulcer healing. The above effects of A. marmelos authenticated its use in indigenous system of Medicine.

Colitis eosinofílica y colitis linfocítica: ¿diferentes manifestaciones histológicas de un mismo proceso en pacientes con diarrea crónica? / Eosinophilic and linphocitic colitis: diferent histological manifestations of a same process in a patients with chronic diarrhea

Objetivos: 1) Determinar la prevalencia de incremento de eosinófilos en mucosa colónica en pacientes con colitis linfocítica (CL). 2) Determinar la coexistencia de colitis eosinofílica (CE) en pacientes con CL. Materiales y métodos: Las biopsias colónicas de pacientes adultos con diarrea crónica diagnosticados como CL en el hospital Daniel A. Carrión durante octubre 2009 a marzo 2012 fueron revisadas de forma independiente por 2 patólogos. Microscópicamente, se investigó y cuantificó la presencia de eosinófilos en mucosa colónica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 68 casos de CL, de los cuales 76,5% tuvieron eosinófilos elevados en la mucosa colónica y en 51,4% se pudo hacer el diagnóstico de CE según los criterios establecidos. Conclusión: Tres de cuatro pacientes con CL presentan eosinófilos elevados y 1 de cada 2 pacientes con CL cumple criterios para CE.

Objectives: 1) To determine the prevalence of increased number of eosinophils in colonic mucosa of patients with lymphocytic colitis (LC). 2) To determine the coexistence of eosinophilic colitis (EC) in patients with lymphocytic colitis. Materials and methods: slides of adult patients with cronic diarrhea with diagnosis of LC were reviewed between October 2009 and March 2012. The number of eosinophils was quantified. Results: Sixty eight patients with LC were included. Elevated eosinophils were found in 76.5 and in 51.4% a diagnosis of EC was established. Conclusion: 3 out of 4 patients with LC had elevated eosinophils and 1 of 2 patients with LC had criteria for EC.

The importance of oxygen free radicals in the etiopathogenesis of diversion colitis in rats / A importância dos radicais livres de oxigênio na etiopatogenia da colite de exclusão em ratos

PURPOSE: Quantify the levels of oxidative DNA damage of epithelial colon cells comparing segments with and without fecal stream. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were subjected to deviation of fecal stream by proximal colostomy and a distal mucosal fistula. Animals were divided into three experimental groups that were sacrificed 6, 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. In each experimental group, five animals underwent laparotomy without intestinal deviation (sham subgroup). The diagnosis of colitis was made by histopathological analysis and the inflammatory activity index by graduated scale. The neutrophil infiltration was determined by myeloperoxidase tissue levels and the intensity of oxidative DNA damage by comet assay. The Mann-Withney and Student t test were used to compare the results among experimental subgroups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for variance analysis, adopting a significance level of 5 percent (p<0.05). RESULTS: Colon segments without fecal stream was shown higher histological inflammatory score of the colon wall after 12 and 24 weeks (p=0.001) that increased with the time of diversion (p=0.01). The activity of myeloperoxidase in segments without fecal stream decreased with the time (p=0.001). Oxidative DNA damage levels were significantly higher in the segments without fecal stream, (p=0.0001), independent of time of colon diversion, and increase with the time (p=0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Colon segments without fecal stream showed high levels of oxidative DNA damage related to histological alterations observed in diversion colitis. The levels of oxidative DNA damage in segments devoid of the fecal stream increase with the time of intestinal exclusion.

OBJETIVO: Quantificar os níveis de dano oxidativo ao DNA em células epiteliais da mucosa cólica comparando segmentos com e sem trânsito fecal. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos Wistar foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito intestinal por colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais segundo terem sido sacrificados 6, 12 e 24 semanas após a cirurgia. Em cada grupo experimental, cinco animais foram submetidos à laparotomia isolada sem derivação fecal (grupo sham). O diagnóstico de colite foi estabelecido por análise histopatológica e o índice de atividade inflamatória por escala graduada. A infiltração neutrofílica foi determinada pelos níveis teciduais da mieloperoxidase e a intensidade do dano oxidativo ao DNA pelo ensaio em cometa. Utilizaram-se os testes de Mann-Withney e o teste t de Student para comparar os resultados encontrados entre os subgrupos experimentais e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para análise de variância, adotando-se nível de significância de 5 por cento (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Os segmentos cólicos, sem trânsito fecal apresentaram maior escore histológico de inflamação após 12 e 24 semanas (p=0,001), que aumentou com o tempo de derivação (p=0,01). A atividade da mieloperoxidase nos segmentos sem trânsito fecal diminuiu com o progredir do tempo (p=0,001). Os níveis de dano oxidativo ao DNA foram significativamente maiores nos segmentos sem trânsito fecal (p=0,0001), independente do tempo de exclusão considerado, aumentando com o progredir do tempo de exclusão (p = 0,0007). CONCLUSÕES: Segmentos cólicos desprovidos de trânsito fecal apresentam níveis elevados de dano oxidativo ao DNA relacionados às alterações histológicas observadas na colite de exclusão. Os níveis de dano oxidativo ao DNA nos segmentos desprovidos de trânsito fecal aumentam com o decorrer do tempo de exclusão.

Quantification by computerized morphometry of tissue levels of sulfomucins and sialomucins in diversion colitis in rats / Quantificação por morfometria computadorizada dos níveis teciduais de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas na colite de exclusão em ratos

PURPOSE: To quantify the intensity of sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa, by means of computer-assisted image processing, comparing segments with and without fecal stream and correlating with the duration of fecal transit exclusion. METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats were subjected to diversion of the fecal stream in the left colon by means of constructing a proximal colostomy and distal mucosal fistula. They were distributed randomly into three experimental groups of 15 animals, of which 10 were subjected to colon diversion (experimental subgroup) and five were only subjected to laparotomy, without colon diversion (control subgroup). The three experimental groups were formed according to the sacrifice date, which was to be performed six weeks after the surgical procedure (Group A), 12 weeks (Group B) and 18 weeks (Group C). The sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa was evaluated using the histochemical technique of high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB). The tissue expression was quantified for each animal, in the segments with and without fecal stream, at a location where there were four complete contiguous crypts in two random fields, with the aid of the computer-assisted image analysis software. The final value was taken to be the mean reading from the two fields selected, in the segments with and without fecal stream. To compare the expressions of the two mucin subtypes in the segments with and without fecal stream, the paired Student t test was used. To analyze variance according to duration of exclusion, ANOVA with the Newman-Keuls post-test was used, setting the significance level at 5 percent (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were significant reductions in tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in the colon without fecal stream, independent of the duration of exclusion considered. There was increased tissue sulfomucin content and decreased tissue sialomucin in the segments without fecal stream, ...

OBJETIVO: Quantificar, por meio de processamento de imagem assistida por computador, a intensidade de expressão de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas na mucosa cólica comparando segmentos com e sem trânsito e relacionando-a ao tempo de exclusão de trânsito fecal. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito no cólon esquerdo pela confecção de colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Foram divididos de forma randomizada em três grupos experimentais de 15 animais, nos quais 10 foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito cólico (subgrupo experimental) e cinco somente a laparotomia exploradora sem desvio do trânsito fecal (subgrupo controle). Os três grupos experimentais foram formados segundo o sacrifício ter sido realizado em seis (grupo A), 12 (Grupo B) e 18 semanas (Grupo C). A avaliação da expressão de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas na mucosa cólica foi realizada pela técnica histoquímica da diamina de ferro alto alcian-blue (HID-AB). A quantificação da expressão tecidual foi determinada, para cada animal, nos segmentos com e sem trânsito, em local onde existiam quatro criptas contíguas e íntegras em dois campos aleatórios com auxílio de programa de análise de imagem assistida por computador. Adotou-se como valor final a média das leituras dos dois campos selecionados, nos segmentos providos e desprovidos de trânsito fecal. Na comparação entre a expressão dos dois subtipos de mucinas nos segmentos com e sem trânsito fecal utilizou-se o teste t de Student pareado. Para análise de variância segundo o tempo de exclusão utilizou-se o teste de ANOVA com o pós-teste de Newmann-Keuls, estabelecendo-se nível de significância de 5 por cento (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Houve redução significante no conteúdo tecidual de sulfomucinas e sialomucinas no cólon desprovido de trânsito fecal, independente do tempo de exclusão considerado. Houve aumento no conteúdo tecidual de sulfomucinas e diminuição de sialomucinas nos segmentos ...

Phlebosclerotic Colitis in a Cirrhotic Patient with Portal Hypertension: The First Case in Korea

Phlebosclerotic colitis is a rare form of ischemic colitis characterized by the thickening of the wall of the affected colon due to fibrous degeneration of submucosal layer of colon and fibrotic obstruction of the colono-mesenteric vein, resulting in the disturbance of venous return from the colon. The pathogenic mechanism of this entity remains unknown but chronic liver disease with portal hypertension is maybe thought to be one of the speculated mechanisms. Here we first report the case of surgically confirmed phlebosclerotic colitis, that was in the early stage but showed the aggressive nature, in a 61-yr-old cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension in Korea.

Evaluation by computerized morphometry of histopathological alterations of the colon wall in segments with and without intestinal transit in rats / Avaliação por morfometria computadorizada das alterações histopatológicas da parede cólica em segmentos com e sem trânsito intestinal em ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathological alterations of the colon wall in segments with and without intestinal transit, by computer-assisted imaging, and to correlate these with the length of time diversion. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to intestinal transit diversion by a proximal colostomy and distal mucosa fistula. The animals were divided into three experimental groups according to how long after the initial surgical procedure they were sacrificed: six, twelve and eighteen weeks. Colon segments with and without transit were subjected to histopathological study. The variables colon crypt length, mucosal ulceration, muscle layer thickness of the muscularis mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria, vascular congestion, number of caliciform cells, inflammatory grade and degree of inflammation, comparing the two colon segments in the different experimental groups were studied. Intestinal crypt length, muscle layer thickness of the mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria and caliciform cells were measured by computer-assisted imaging method. Mean equality, variance analysis and correlation tests were used in the statistical analysis, and the significance level was set at 5 percent. RESULTS: Comparison between segments with and without transit showed that the latter presented reduced length of colon crypts and increased muscle layer thickness of the muscularis mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria. There were greater quantities of ulceration of the mucosal and greater degree of inflammation with increasing time without transit. Mucosal ulceration, submucosal vascular congestion, increased thickness of the submucosal and muscularis propria layers, presence of caliciform cells, inflammatory infiltrate and inflammatory grade correlated significantly with the length of time without transit. CONCLUSIONS: Histological alterations occurred in all layers of the colon wall, in the segments without intestinal transit. Ulcerations...

OBJETIVO: Avaliar por método de imagem assistida por computador as alterações histopatológicas da parede cólica em segmentos providos e desprovidos de trânsito intestinal e relacioná-las ao tempo de exclusão. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito no cólon esquerdo por meio de colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais segundo o sacrifício ter sido realizado seis, doze e dezoito semanas após o procedimento cirúrgico inicial. Segmentos dos cólons providos e desprovidos de trânsito foram submetidos a estudo histopatológico. Foram analisadas as variáveis: comprimento das criptas cólicas, ulceração na mucosa, espessura das camadas muscular da mucosa, submucosa e muscular própria, congestão vascular, número de células caliciformes e graduação inflamatória comparando os dois segmentos cólicos nos diferentes grupos experimentais. As variáveis, comprimento das criptas intestinais, espessura das camadas muscular da mucosa, submucosa e muscular própria foram mensuradas por método de imagem assistida por computador. Na análise estatística foram utilizados testes de igualdade de médias e medianas, análise de variância e correlação estabelecendo-se nível de significância de cinco por cento. RESULTADOS: A exclusão de trânsito mostrou-se associada à redução do comprimento das criptas cólicas, aumento da espessura das camadas muscular da mucosa, submucosa e muscular própria. Verificou-se maior quantidade de ulcerações na mucosa e maior grau de inflamação com o progredir do tempo de exclusão. Houve correlação significante entre as ulcerações da mucosa, congestão vascular da submucosa, aumento da espessura das camadas submucosa e muscular própria, presença de células caliciformes, infiltrado inflamatório, graduação inflamatória e o tempo de exclusão de trânsito. CONCLUSÕES: Alterações histológicas ocorrem em todas as camadas da parede cólica, em segmentos sem...

Biopsia de Colon: Características Histológicas en diferentes tipos de Colitis Crónica / Biopsy of Colon: histological features in different types of Chronicle Colitis

En los últimos años han aparecido diferentes tipos de colitis con características histológicas definidas. Es importante que tanto el gastroenterólogo como el patólogo estar actualizados respecto a estas nuevas entidades clínico-patológicas. El presente trabajo es un artículo de revisión sobre las características histopatológicas de los diferentes tipos de colitis.

In the last few years a variety of new forms of chronic colitis have been described withdefined histological characteristics. It is important both for the gastroenterologists andpathologists to be acquainted with this new clinic pathological entities.The present article is a review of the anatomo-pathological characteristics of the differenttypes of colitis.